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THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY |
THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM |
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Law No. 114/2025/QH15 |
Hanoi, December 10, 2025 |
Pursuant to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, amended by Resolution No. 203/2025/QH15;
The National Assembly of Vietnam promulgates the Law on Disease Prevention
Article 1. Scope and regulated entities
1. This Law provides for prevention and control of infectious diseases; prevention and control of non-communicable diseases; prevention and control of mental disorders; nutrition in disease prevention; prerequisites for disease prevention.
2. This Law applies to Vietnamese and foreign organizations and individuals in Vietnam.
For the purposes of this Law, the terms below shall be construed as follows:
1. “disease prevention” means preventive healthcare activities aimed at preventing the occurrence, spread, progression, minimizing consequences of diseases, and improving the health of individuals and communities.
2. “disease prevention services” are preventive healthcare services aimed at prevention and control of infectious diseases; prevention and control of non-communicable diseases; prevention and control of mental disorders; nutrition in disease prevention and other preventive medicine services as prescribed by law.
3. “preventive healthcare facility” means a facility established as prescribed by law to perform disease prevention-related functions and duties.
4. “surveillance in disease prevention” means the continuous, systematic collection, analysis, evaluation, interpretation, and use of information about disease situations and risk factors for disease prevention.
5. “infectious disease” means a disease transmitted directly or indirectly from humans or from vectors of infectious diseases to humans due to infectious pathogens.
6. “infectious agents” are viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi, and other biologically derived agents capable of causing infectious diseases.
7. “vectors” are insects, animals, environment, food, and other carriers of infectious agents capable of transmitting diseases.
8. “infected person” means a person who is infected with infectious agents and shows symptoms of the disease.
9. “asymptomatic carrier” means a person who is carries infectious agents and but does not show symptoms of the disease.
10. “contact” means a person who has contact with infectious agents, an infected person, an asymptomatic carrier, or a vector, and is at risk of contracting the disease.
11. “suspected case” means a person who shows symptoms of the disease without confirmation of the infectious agents.
12. “epidemic” (also called “infectious disease epidemic”) means the occurrence of infectious disease with the number of cases exceeding the expected normal number within a defined period in a specific area.
13. “medical quarantine” means the implementation of medical measures to detect and prevent the entry and transmission of infectious diseases through border checkpoints.
14. “biosafety in testing” means the implementation of various measures to minimize or eliminate the risk of unintentional transmission of infectious agents within testing facilities and during testing outside such facilities, from testing facilities and from testing outside such facilities into the environment and community.
15. “biosecurity in testing” means the implementation of various measures to protect and control infectious agents, equipment, facilities, and valuable information in testing facilities to prevent intentional unauthorized access, theft, loss, misuse, repurposing, and spread of infectious agents from testing facilities into the environment and community.
16. “vaccination” means the introduction of vaccines or biological products into the human body for disease prevention.
17. “non-communicable disease” means a disease that is not infectious, tends to progress slowly, and becomes chronic.
18. “mental health” means a healthy mental state that enables individuals to cope with life stresses, recognize their abilities, study and work effectively, and contribute to the community.
19. “mental disorder” means a pathological condition characterized by changes in a person’s thinking, emotions, or behaviors that affect their ability to function personally, socially, academically, and occupationally.
20. “periodic health check” means a general health check conducted at specific intervals to assess health status or classify health.
21. “screening” means a health check to early detect risk of diseases and identify patients within target groups.
22. “proper nutrition” means the assurance of sufficiency and proportional balance of essential nutrients for the body’s nutritional needs to achieve optimal health.
23. “malnutrition” means a condition in which the body loses balance of essential nutrients, causing deficiency or excess of nutrients.
Article 3. State policies on disease prevention
1. The State plays a leading role, provides orientation and mobilizes agencies, organizations, enterprises, families, individuals and the entire society to participate in disease prevention, comprehensively and synchronously address issues related to disease prevention.
2. The state budget shall provide funding for recurrent expenditures and investment expenditures on preventive healthcare.
3. Preventive healthcare facilities have the autonomy to decide additional incomes of their civil servants, public employees, and employees from lawful revenues outside the state budget funding in accordance with their internal spending regulations and their performance.
4. There will be special and superior incentives for health workers directly doing professional medical work at commune-level health stations and preventive healthcare facilities. Preventive healthcare human resources are developed to ensure sufficient capacity to organize and carry out disease prevention activities, with particular attention to border areas, islands, ethnic minority areas, mountainous areas, disadvantaged areas and extremely disadvantaged areas.
5. Consolidate and upgrade the preventive healthcare system towards modernization.
6. The State has policies on promotion of a nationwide movement for proactive disease prevention, healthcare, healthy lifestyles, and building a health culture among the people; encourages communities, families, and individuals to actively and positively update knowledge to prevent diseases, access and use disease prevention services.
7. The State has policies on promotion of research, application, development of science and technology, innovation, and digital transformation in disease prevention, especially technologies supporting forecasting, intervention, and response to epidemic situations.
8. The State has policies on encouragement of public-private cooperation; provides incentives in terms of tax, land, credit, and other preferential mechanisms as prescribed by law to encourage and mobilize all social resources to participate in disease prevention.
9. The State encourages, supports and develops models of safe and healthy communities, educational institutions, and workplaces.
10. The State ensures that the people receive free periodic health checks or screening at least once a year according to target groups and priority roadmaps.
11. The State supports the implementation of nutrition in disease prevention for prioritized groups and areas in a manner that is appropriate for socio-economic developments at the time to help the people practice proper nutrition appropriately for their age, occupation, physiological status, and health.
12. The State encourages exclusive breastfeeding for children under 06 months of age and continued breastfeeding up to 24 months of age; encourages the organization of meals at educational institutions that ensure food safety, proper nutrition, and suitability for each age group.
Article 4. Disease prevention principles
1. Proactive disease prevention is the primary goal, with the people as the central subjects; focus on protection, care, and comprehensive and continuous improvement of health throughout life cycles. Medical professional measures shall be combined with administrative, social, and other measures for disease prevention.
2. Ensure proactivity, positivity, voluntariness, equality, confidentiality, and heightened accountability of each individual and family in disease prevention.
3. Priority in access to disease prevention services shall be given to persons with disabilities, elderly people, ethnics, women, children living in border areas, islands, ethnic minority areas and mountainous areas, disadvantaged areas and extremely disadvantaged areas.
4. Intersectoral cooperation is promoted with emphasis on the role of the Vietnam Fatherland Front and its member organizations; mobilize communities and the society to carry out disease prevention activities; disease prevention targets and activities are integrated and prioritized in strategies, planning schemes, plans, programs, schemes, and projects for socio-economic development, national defense, and security.
5. Publicly provide accurate and timely information on the prevention and control of infectious diseases in accordance with the law.
6. Ensure continuity, timeliness, and availability of disease prevention services.
Article 5. State management of disease prevention
1. Contents of state management of disease prevention:
a) Formulating and directing the implementation of strategies, planning schemes, plans, programs, schemes, and projects for disease prevention;
b) Formulating, promulgating, and organizing the implementation of legislative documents, mechanisms and policies on disease prevention; regulations on preventive healthcare facilities; professional and technical regulations, criteria, standards on disease prevention;
c) Formulating, promulgating, and organizing the development of the system of preventive healthcare facilities within the public health facility network planning scheme in accordance with the law on planning;
d) Providing training and advanced training for the disease prevention workforce; educating and disseminating knowledge and laws on disease prevention;
dd) Organizing research and development of science and technology, innovation, digital transformation, application and transfer of disease prevention technologies;
e) Establishing, operating, utilizing disease prevention information systems;
g) Seek international cooperation in disease prevention;
h) Carrying out inspections, handling complaints and denunciations, and addressing violations of law on disease prevention; rewarding achievements in disease prevention activities;
i) Other tasks as prescribed by law.
2. The Government shall ensure uniform state management of disease prevention nationwide.
3. The Ministry of Health shall be responsible to the Government for state management of disease prevention.
4. Ministries, ministerial agencies, governmental agencies shall, within the scope of their duties and entitlements, carry out state management of disease prevention.
5. The People’s Committees at all levels shall, within the scope of their duties, entitlements and delegation, carry out state management of disease prevention.
Article 6. Responsibilities of organizations, families and individuals for disease prevention
1. Comply with regulations of law related to disease prevention.
2. Closely cooperate and comply with the direction and administration of competent agencies, organizations, and individuals when an epidemic occurs.
Article 7. Vietnam National Health Day
The annual Vietnam National Health Day shall be April 07.
Article 8. Prohibited acts in disease prevention
1. Propagating, disseminating, or providing information contrary to the guidelines and policies of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV), the policies and laws of the State, and the professional guidance of competent agencies regarding disease prevention.
2. Obstructing the provision of information, education, and communication on disease prevention.
3. Intentionally declaring, providing false, misleading, or untruthful information about disease prevention.
4. Discrimination or stigmatization in disease prevention.
5. Failure to implement, promptly implement, or fully implement disease prevention measures as per regulations.
6. Applying disease prevention measures without scientific basis, contrary to ethical and cultural standards.
7. Organizing vaccination or testing at unqualified facilities or locations.
8. Prohibited acts in prevention and control of infectious diseases include:
a) Deliberately spreading or transmitting infectious agents;
b) Unauthorized access; improper use or repurposing of infectious agents without permission from competent persons;
c) Concealing or intentionally failing to report cases of infectious diseases as prescribed by law;
d) Failure to implement measures for prevention and control of infectious diseases as required by competent agencies, organizations or persons.
9. Feigning mental disorders for personal gain or evasion of legal obligations.
Article 9. Target groups, contents, requirements and forms of information, education, and communication on disease prevention
1. Organizations, families, individuals shall be provided with information, education, and communication on disease prevention, with priority given to the following groups:
a) Infected persons, suspected cases of infectious diseases, asymptomatic carriers and contacts;
b) Susceptible people, people in epidemic areas (affected areas), and people in areas at risk of epidemics;
c) Persons with non-communicable diseases, persons with mental disorders, persons at risk of non-communicable diseases, and persons at risk of mental disorders;
d) Persons with disabilities, the elderly, ethnics, and women;
dd) People living in border areas, islands, ethnic minority and mountainous areas, disadvantaged areas, and extremely disadvantaged areas;
e) Learners.
2. Contents of information, education, and communication on disease prevention:
a) Guidelines and policies of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the policies and laws of the State regarding disease prevention;
b) Roles, rights, responsibilities, and obligations of individuals, families, agencies, and organizations in implementing regulations of law on disease prevention;
c) Policies and measures for prevention and control of infectious diseases; prevention and control of non-communicable diseases; prevention and control of mental disorders; nutrition in disease prevention and prerequisites for disease prevention;
d) Policies and measures for prevention, first aid, and emergency care for injuries in the community;
dd) Policies and measures for health management and the application of information technology in disease prevention;
e) Policies and measures for promotion of behavior and lifestyle changes to prevent disease;
g) Other health-related fields relevant to disease prevention.
3. Requirements of information, education, and communication on disease prevention:
a) Accuracy, scientific basis, clarity, comprehensibility, practicality, timeliness, publicity, accessibility, and encouragement of individuals, persons at risk, and patients to adopt healthy behaviors;
b) Suitability for cultural traditions, national identity, social ethics, religions, beliefs, genders, and customs;
c) Suitability for the characteristics of each geographical area and each target group receiving information, education, and communication on disease prevention.
4. Forms of information, education, and communication on disease prevention:
a) Direct forms;
b) Indirect forms through mass media;
c) Campaigns, events, exhibitions, competitions related to disease prevention, and other forms.
Article 10. Responsibility for provision of information, education, and communication on disease prevention
1. Disease prevention authorities have the responsibility to provide information, education, and communication on disease prevention; cooperate with other agencies, organizations and individuals in providing information, education, and communication on disease prevention.
2. Agencies, organizations, units of the people’s armed forces, within the scope of their duties and entitlements, have the responsibility for provision of information, education, and communication on disease prevention.
3. Press agencies have the responsibility to cooperate with disease prevention authorities in featuring information, education, and communication on disease prevention.
Article 11. International cooperation in disease prevention
1. The State shall proactively and actively engage in international cooperation in disease prevention in accordance with the law of Vietnam and international treaties to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a signatory.
2. Organizations and individuals are encouraged to participate in support, exchange of experience, and international cooperation in disease prevention; focus on research, training, implementation of models of forecasting, intervention, and response to epidemic situations in order to develop and improve the quality of the disease prevention workforce.
3. In case of an epidemic as prescribed in Point a Clause 2 Article 15 of this Law, in consideration of the nature and seriousness of the epidemic and the infectious agents, the Minister of Health and the President of the People’s Committee of the province, within their authority, shall decide international cooperation in scientific research, training, exchange of specimens, epidemic information, expertise, techniques, technology, experts, equipment, vaccines, biological products, and funding in epidemic prevention and control activities.
4. In case of an epidemic prescribed in Point b Clause 2 Article 15 of this Law, international cooperation in disease prevention shall be carried out in accordance with regulations of law on civil defense, state of emergency, and other relevant regulations of law.
Article 12. Disease prevention information system
The disease prevention information system includes information about infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, vaccination, nutrition, injuries and other information that are connected and shared within the healthcare database as per regulations.
Article 13. Surveillance in disease prevention
1. Subjects of surveillance in prevention and control of infectious diseases include:
a) Infected persons, suspected cases of infectious diseases, asymptomatic carriers and contacts;
b) Infectious agents;
c) Clusters of infectious agents, vectors of infectious diseases and risk factors.
2. Subjects of surveillance in prevention and control of non-communicable diseases include:
a) Persons with non-communicable diseases;
b) Persons at risk of non-communicable diseases;
c) Risk factors for non-communicable diseases.
3. Subjects of surveillance in prevention and control of mental disorders include:
a) Persons with mental disorders;
b) Persons at risk of mental disorders;
c) Risk factors for mental disorders.
4. Subjects of surveillance in injury prevention in the community include:
a) Injured persons in the community;
b) Risk factors for injuries in the community.
5. Subjects of surveillance in nutrition in disease prevention include:
a) Persons with nutrition-related diseases;
b) Persons at risk of nutrition-related diseases;
c) Risk factors for nutrition-related diseases.
6. Where necessary, health facilities and authorized health workers may collect test samples from persons suspected of having infectious diseases, deceased persons suspected of having infectious diseases for surveillance purposes.
7. The Minister of Health shall specify the surveillance subjects specified in Clauses 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of this Article; and provide regulations on surveillance guidance, surveillance locations, information provision, and surveillance reporting in disease prevention.
Article 14. Disease prevention in educational institutions
1. Educational institutions shall carry out school health activities for learners under their management, ensuring that learners receive comprehensive physical and mental health care, including:
a) Health counseling, communication, and education;
b) Prevention and control of epidemics, diseases, injuries, and mental disorders;
c) Health checks at the beginning of the school year, screening for diseases and disabilities; reviewing vaccination history;
d) Control of risk factors for diseases, disabilities and mental disorders;
dd) Ensuring preparedness for health care and first aid;
e) Ensuring food safety, proper nutrition combined with appropriately increased physical activities;
g) Environmental sanitation and other activities.
2. The Government of Vietnam shall elaborate this Article.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Article 15. Classification of infectious diseases, epidemics, and termination, elimination, eradication of infectious diseases
1. Infectious diseases are classified into the following groups:
a) Group A includes particularly dangerous infectious diseases;
b) Group B includes dangerous infectious diseases;
c) Group C includes less dangerous infectious diseases;
d) Other groups as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
2. Epidemics are classified according to the capacity and conditions for response and consequence remediation, including:
a) Epidemics within the capacity and conditions for epidemic response and consequence remediation of full-time forces, part-time forces, and other forces of commune-level divisions (hereinafter referred to as “communes”);
b) Epidemics beyond the capacity and conditions for epidemic response and consequence remediation of full-time forces, part-time forces, and other forces of communes.
3. In case of epidemics prescribed in Point b Clause 2 of this Article, they shall be classified according to levels of civil defense or state of emergency as follows:
a) Level 1 civil defense against epidemics: the epidemic in the commune has exceeded the capacity and conditions for epidemic response and consequence remediation of full-time forces, part-time forces, and other forces of the commune according to regulations of law on civil defense;
b) Level 2 civil defense against epidemics: the epidemic in the province has exceeded the capacity and conditions for epidemic response and consequence remediation of the commune authorities according to regulations of law on civil defense;
c) Level 3 civil defense against epidemics: the epidemic in one or several provinces or cities has exceeded the capacity and conditions for epidemic response and consequence remediation of the provincial authorities according to regulations of law on civil defense;
d) State of emergency for epidemics: according to regulations of law on state of emergency.
4. The Minister of Health shall establish criteria for classification of infectious diseases into groups, compile the list of infectious diseases of each group specified in Clause 1 of this Article; and establish criteria for identification of epidemics as prescribed in Clause 2 of this Article.
5. Termination, elimination and eradication of infectious diseases shall be carried out as follows:
a) The criteria for recognition of termination, elimination, and eradication of infectious diseases shall comply with recommendations of the World Health Organization or criteria of international treaties to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a signatory;
b) The Government of Vietnam shall stipulate conditions and procedures for recognition of termination, elimination, and eradication of infectious diseases.
Article 16. Measures for prevention and control of infectious diseases
1. Measures for prevention and control of infectious diseases include:
a) Surveillance of infectious diseases according to Article 13 of this Law;
b) Declaration of information about infectious diseases according to regulations of the Minister of Health;
c) Risk assessment, epidemic warning; investigation, response to clusters and epidemics, and reporting epidemic information;
d) Zoning, controlling, and preventing the spread of epidemics between affected areas and unaffected areas according to regulations of the Government;
dd) Medical isolation;
e) Medical quarantine;
g) Use of vaccines and biological products for disease prevention;
h) Assurance of biosafety and bio-security in testing;
i) Organization of emergency aid, medical examination, treatment; sanitation and disinfection in affected areas and personal protective measures;
k) Other measures for prevention and control of infectious diseases decided by the Minister of Health according to actual circumstances.
2. In case of an epidemic prescribed in Point a Clause 2 Article 15 of this Law, the People’s Committee of the province and the People’s Committees of the communes shall, within the scope of their authority, oversee the implementation of the measures prescribed in Clause 1 of this Article.
3. In case of an epidemic prescribed in Point b Clause 2 Article 15 of this Law, the Prime Minister, Presidents of the People’s Committee of provinces and communes shall, within the scope of their duties and authority, in consideration of actual circumstances, decide implementation of the measures prescribed in Clause 1 of this Article and regulations of law on civil defense and state of emergency.
4. The authority and procedures for declaring and ending civil defense and state of emergency for epidemics prescribed in Clause 3 Article 15 of this Law in accordance with regulations of law on civil defense, state of emergency, and other relevant regulations of law.
Article 17. Rights and responsibilities of agencies, organizations, and individuals for disease prevention
1. Individuals have the rights to:
a) be promptly provided with full and accurate information on the epidemic developments, measures for epidemic prevention and control, and relevant regulations of law; request information about their own health status related to infectious diseases;
b) access services including disease prevention, medical examination and treatment when infected with infectious diseases; have health safety assured when implementing epidemic prevention and control measures; refuse medical measures that are not compliant with regulations of law or have not been approved by competent authorities;
c) have privacy guaranteed; have personal information and health information related to infectious diseases protected, unless otherwise prescribed by law;
d) file complaints and denunciations against violations against regulations of law on prevention and control of infectious diseases; receive compensation for damage in accordance with the law.
2. Individuals have the responsibility to:
a) proactively implement measures to prevent infection for themselves and those around them;
b) fully implement measures for prevention and control of infectious diseases as requested and instructed by health facilities, authorized health workers, or competent authorities in prevention and control of infectious diseases
c) promptly inform health facilities or competent authorities of persons having or suspected of having infectious diseases, including themselves;
d) provide complete, truthful and timely epidemiological information and other relevant information related to the infection process as requested by health facilities, authorized health workers, or competent authorities;
dd) cooperate with health facilities, authorized health workers, or competent authorities in prevention and control of infectious diseases;
e) strictly comply with regulations of law on prevention and control of infectious diseases.
3. Health facilities and authorized health workers have the following rights and responsibilities:
a) Be protected when performing their duties for prevention and control of infectious diseases;
b) Be given priority in provision of sufficient necessary resources for the prevention and control of infectious diseases;
c) Request agencies, organizations, and individuals to provide information related to prevention and control of infectious diseases;
d) Organize medical quarantine as per regulations;
dd) Organize sanitation, environmental disinfection, and waste treatment at health facilities;
e) Monitor the health of persons directly involved in investigation, surveillance, care, and treatment of patients with Group A infectious diseases;
g) Provide complete, accurate, and timely information and reports on infectious diseases and epidemics to superior authorities;
h) Other rights and responsibilities for prevention and control of infectious diseases prescribed by this Law and relevant regulations of law.
4. Agencies, organizations and individuals have the following rights and responsibilities:
a) Be protected when performing their duties for prevention and control of infectious diseases;
b) Strictly comply with regulations and instructions of competent authorities on prevention and control of infectious diseases;
c) Respect the rights of infected persons, suspected cases of infectious diseases, asymptomatic carriers and contacts;
d) Take responsibility for their professional decisions and measures for prevention and control of infectious diseases during implementation thereof;
dd) Encourage members of agencies, organizations, and communities to implement measures for prevention and control of infectious diseases;
e) Other rights and responsibilities for prevention and control of infectious diseases prescribed by this Law and relevant regulations of law.
Article 18. Risk assessment, epidemic warning; investigation, response to clusters and epidemics, and reporting epidemic information
1. c) When there are signs of or an occurrence of an epidemic, health authorities shall organize risk assessment, epidemic warning; investigation, response to clusters and the epidemic; and report and provide information about the epidemic in accordance with regulations of the Minister of Health.
2. Health authorities shall provide information and submit reports on epidemics to local authorities at the same level for implementation of measures for epidemic prevention and control as per regulations.
1. Infected persons, suspected cases, asymptomatic carriers and persons having contact with Group A infectious agents and certain Group B infectious diseases shall undergo medical isolation under decisions of competent agencies organizations and individuals.
2. Forms of medical isolation include isolation at home, health facilities, border checkpoints, other facilities and locations.
3. In cases where the persons specified in Clause 1 of this Article do not comply with medical isolation decisions, coercive isolation measures shall be applied.
4. The Government of Vietnam shall elaborate this Article.
Article 20. Medical quarantine
1. Medical quarantine shall be carried out at border checkpoints. Subjects of medical quarantine include:
a) Persons entering, exiting, or transiting through Vietnam;
b) Vehicles entering, exiting, or transiting through Vietnam;
c) Goods imported, exported, transited through Vietnam;
d) Corpses, remains, ashes, specimens, human body parts and tissues transported across the border of Vietnam.
2. Contents of medical quarantine:
a) Collecting information about subjects of medical quarantine and the epidemic situation worldwide;
b) Medical declaration;
c) Medical observation including direct and indirect observation;
d) Medical inspection, including inspection of health-related documents or information and physical inspection. Physical inspection shall be conducted in cases where subjects of medical quarantine depart from or pass through countries or territories with reported cases of Group A infectious diseases or certain Group B infectious diseases and thus requiring medical isolation; the subjects of medical quarantine are infected persons, persons suspected of infection, persons carrying or showing signs of carrying infectious agents, vectors of Group A infectious diseases or certain Group B infectious diseases and thus requiring medical isolation;
dd) Medical response shall be carried out when medical inspection has been conducted and an infected person, a person suspected of infection, a person carrying or showing signs of carrying infectious agents, vectors of Group A infectious diseases or certain Group B infectious diseases is found and thus has to be medically isolated for implementation of measures for prevention and control of infectious diseases at the border checkpoint. In cases where a declaration made by the vehicle owner or there is clear evidence showing that the subject must undergo medical response as prescribed in this Point, immediate medical isolation must be conducted to implement measures for prevention and control of infectious diseases at the border checkpoint.
3. Responsibilities for medical quarantine:
a) The subjects specified in Point a Clause 1 of this Article, vehicle owners or managers of the subjects specified in Points b, c, and d Clause 1 of this Article must make medical declarations; facilitate information collection, medical observation, medical inspection, medical response, and pay the costs of medical quarantine service prices as prescribed by law;
b) Medical quarantine organizations shall organize the implementation of medical quarantine contents specified in Clause 2 of this Article; issue certificates of medical quarantine and report information about medical quarantine activities;
c) Competent authorities at border checkpoints shall cooperate with medical quarantine organizations in conducting medical quarantine;
d) Competent authorities shall cooperate with concerned authorities of other countries and international organizations in prevention and control of infectious diseases at border checkpoints.
4. The Government of Vietnam shall elaborate this Article.
Article 21. Use of vaccines and biological products for disease prevention
1. The people have the right to use and to equal access to vaccines and biological products according to age and target groups throughout their lifetime to protect their own health and the health of the community.
2. Vaccines and biological products used must meet the conditions prescribed by the law on pharmaceuticals.
3. Vaccines and biological products must be used in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers and the Ministry of Health.
1. Forms of vaccination include
a) Mandatory vaccination, meaning individuals must be immunized with vaccines and biological products on the list of diseases requiring mandatory vaccination, and epidemic control vaccination;
b) Voluntary vaccination, meaning individuals making their own decision to be immunized with vaccines and biological products other than those mentioned in Point a of this Clause.
2. The state budget shall cover the costs of mandatory vaccination as prescribed Point a, Clause 1 of this Article through the Expanded Vaccination Program and epidemic control vaccination.
3. Vaccination facilities may carry out vaccination when the conditions are fully satisfied.
4. The Minister of Health shall promulgate regulations on:
a) The list of diseases requiring mandatory vaccination;
b) Regular vaccination, catch-up vaccination, proactive vaccination campaign, and other methods of organizing vaccination within the Expanded Vaccination Program; epidemic control vaccination;
c) Organization of vaccination.
5. The Government of Vietnam shall elaborate Clause 2 and Clause 3 of this Article.
Article 23. Responsibilities of agencies, organizations, and individuals for organization of the use of vaccines and biological products
1. The People’s Committees at all level shall oversea the organization of vaccination in their administrative divisions.
2. Vaccination facilities shall implement regulations of the Minister of Health on vaccination information and reporting.
3. Subjects of mandatory vaccination must be vaccinated and are entitled to compensation in case of adverse events that seriously affect their health or life. The determination of compensation liability shall be carried out as follows:
a) During implementation of the Expanded Vaccination Program or epidemic control vaccination, if adverse events occur that seriously affect the health or life of the vaccinated persons, the State shall be liable for compensating the injured persons. In cases where the fault is attributed to the organization engaged in production or business operation, the organization or individual engaged in storage of the vaccines or biological products, or the person performing vaccination, such organization or individual must reimburse the State and bear responsibility for their violations which cause the serious adverse events to the vaccinated persons in accordance with the law;
b) Private vaccination facilities shall be liable for compensating persons vaccinated at their facilities in accordance with regulations of law on unliquidated damages.
In cases where private vaccination facilities are mobilized by the State to participate in the Expanded Vaccination Program or epidemic control vaccination, the State shall be liable for compensation. In cases where the fault is attributed to the organization engaged in production or business operation, the organization or individual engaged in storage of the vaccines or biological products, or the person performing vaccination, such organization or individual must reimburse the vaccination facility, or the State of the vaccination facility is mobilized by the State, and bear responsibility for their violations which cause the serious adverse events to the vaccinated persons in accordance with the law.
4. The Government of Vietnam shall elaborate Clause 1 and Clause 3 of this Article.
Article 24. Assurance of biosafety in testing
1. Testing facilities must meet biosafety conditions appropriate to each level and may only conduct testing within their professional scope after having the biosafety certificate announced or issued by health authorities; ensure compliance with regulations on specimen management and regulations on protecting persons working in testing facilities.
2. The organization and operation of testing laboratories must comply with biosafety practice regulations corresponding to the laboratory level; conduct risk assessments and apply appropriate risk control measures to ensure biosafety during their operations.
3. Testing conducted outside of testing facilities must ensure safety for the individuals collecting samples, performing tests, and related persons.
4. The collection, management, use, and disposal of specimens inside and outside testing facilities must ensure safety for humans and the environment.
5. The Government of Vietnam shall elaborate this Article.
Article 25. Assurance of biosecurity in testing
1. Testing facilities must meet biosecurity requirements; manage infectious agents, equipment, and data within the facilities according to biosecurity measures to prevent unauthorized access, loss, theft, misuse or repurposing, and the release of infectious agents into the environment and community.
2. When organizing and operating laboratories, testing facilities must conduct risk assessments and apply appropriate risk control measures to ensure biosecurity.
3. The Government of Vietnam shall elaborate this Article.
Article 26. Organization of emergency aid, medical examination, treatment; sanitation and disinfection in areas affected by epidemics and use of personal protective measures
1. Organization of emergency aid, medical examination, treatment for confirmed cases and suspected cases of infectious diseases, and measures for prevention and control of infectious diseases shall comply with regulations of law on medical examination and treatment.
2. sanitation and disinfection in areas affected by epidemics include:
a) Surface disinfection and personal hygiene;
b) Disinfection of areas identified or suspected of containing infectious agents.
3. Persons participating in epidemic prevention and control and persons at risk of contracting infectious diseases must implement one or some of the following personal protective measures:
a) Use of personal protective equipment (PPE);
b) Use of prophylactic medicines;
c) Use of vaccines and biological products for disease prevention;
d) Use of chemicals, preparations, and other personal protective measures to prevent vectors of infectious diseases and infectious agents.
4. The State shall ensure that persons participating in epidemic prevention and control implement the personal protective measures prescribed in Clause 3 of this Article.
5. The Minister of Health shall provide guidelines for implementation of the measures prescribed in Clause 2 and Clause 3 of this Article according to the levels and risks of epidemics.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND MENTAL DISORDERS
Article 27. Free screening and periodic health checks
1. The people are entitled to free screening or periodic health checks at least once a year according to target groups and priority roadmaps.
2. Sources of funding for screening and periodic health checks prescribed in Clause 1 of this Article include:
a) Employers shall pay the costs of periodic health checks for employees in accordance with labor laws and the regulations of law on occupational safety and hygiene;
b) State budget;
c) Health insurance fund, as prescribed by regulations of law on health insurance;
d) Disease prevention fund;
dd) Lawful and voluntary donations and contributions of organizations and individuals;
e) Other lawful sources of funding.
3. The Government of Vietnam shall stipulate the scope, target groups, priority roadmaps and sources of funding for free screening or periodic health checks.
Article 28. Measures for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases
1. Prevention and control of risk factors for non-communicable diseases.
2. Early detection and prevention of risk factors for non-communicable diseases.
3. Management of non-communicable diseases in the community.
Article 29. Prevention and control of risk factors for non-communicable diseases
1. Risk factors for non-communicable diseases include:
a) Risk factors related to unhealthy behaviors and lifestyles;
b) Risk factors due to metabolic disorders;
c) Risk factors due to environmental pollution;
d) Other risk factors.
2. Prevention and control of the harms of tobacco, alcoholic drinks, and environmental pollution shall be carried out in accordance with regulations of law on prevention and control of the harms of tobacco and alcohol drinks, and regulations of law on protection of the environment and water resources.
3. Prevention and control of other risk factors for non-communicable diseases shall be carried out in accordance with relevant laws and guidance of the Minister of Health.
Article 30. Early detection, prevention and management of non-communicable diseases in the community
1. Persons at risk of non-communicable diseases in the community shall undergo early detection screening, counseling, monitoring, and preventive treatment.
2. Persons with non-communicable diseases shall be counseled, managed, and have risk factors for disease aggravation controlled, and dangerous complications prevented.
3. Preventive healthcare facilities and health facilities shall organize early detection, counseling, monitoring, and preventive treatment for persons at risk of non-communicable diseases in the community; provide counseling, management, control of risk factors for disease aggravation, and prevent of dangerous complications for persons with non-communicable diseases.
4. The Minister of Health shall provide professional guidelines for early detection, counseling, monitoring, and preventive treatment for persons at risk of non-communicable diseases in the community; counseling, management, control of risk factors for disease aggravation, and prevent of dangerous complications for persons with non-communicable diseases.
5. The Government of Vietnam shall promulgate regulations on organization of early detection, prevention and management of non-communicable diseases in the community.
Article 31. Prevention of mental disorders in the community
1. Risk factors for mental disorders include:
a) Biological and genetic risk factors;
b) Psychological risk factors;
c) Social risk factors;
d) Other risk factors.
2. Persons at risk of mental disorders are those with at least one of the risk factors prescribed in Clause 1 of this Article.
3. Persons at risk of mental disorders shall undergo early detection screening, management, monitoring, and be provided with appropriate psychological and social support.
4. Measures for prevention of mental disorders include:
a) Community-based prevention through raising awareness and community education, and recommending healthy lifestyles;
b) Target group-based prevention at family, educational institutions, and workplaces, with priority given to students, workers, pregnant women, mothers raising children under 24 months, children, the elderly, persons with disabilities, and persons experiencing psychological trauma after accidents or disasters.
5. The Minister of Health shall provide professional guidelines for prevention of mental disorders in the community.
6. The Government of Vietnam shall promulgate regulations on prevention of mental disorders in the community.
Article 32. Management, medical care and social care for persons with mental disorders in the community
1. Persons with mental disorders in the community shall be counseled, managed, and have factors for disease aggravation controlled, and dangerous complications and relapses prevented.
2. Persons with mental disorders shall be provided with appropriate medical and social care services.
3. The Minister of Health shall provide professional guidelines for management, medical care and social care for persons with mental disorders in the community.
4. The Government of Vietnam shall promulgate regulations on management, medical care and social care for persons with mental disorders in the community.
Article 33. Rights and responsibilities of agencies, organizations, and individuals for prevention and control of mental disorders
1. Persons with mental disorders and persons at risk of mental disorders have the following rights and obligations:
a) Undergo screening for early detection and monitoring; receive psychological and social support; undergo management, treatment, and use appropriate medical and social care services;
b) Be prioritized and not subjected to abuse, stigmatization, or discrimination in medical care and treatment;
c) Cooperate with health authorities and local authorities in implementing the provisions of Point a of this Clause.
2. Families and caregivers have the following responsibilities:
a) Respect, care for, assist, protect persons with mental disorders and persons at risk of mental disorders;
b) Cooperate with health authorities and local authorities in implementing the provisions of Point a Clause 1 of this Clause.
3. Social assistance facilities have the following responsibilities:
a) Organize provision of services for persons with mental disorders within the scope of their assigned functions and duties as prescribed by law;
b) Organize communication activities to raise community and social awareness about recognition of risks, prevention and control of mental disorders;
c) Provide services including psychological counseling, psychological support, and psychological rehabilitation for persons with mental disorders; carry out management, intervention, protection, care, rehabilitation, and development support for persons with mental disorders.
4. Local authorities, within the scope of their duties and entitlements, have the following responsibilities:
a) Organize monitoring, supervision, and implementation of preventive measures, management, medical and social care for persons at risk of mental disorders and persons with mental disorders prescribed in Article 31 and Article 32 of this Law;
b) Cooperate with specialized agencies in the process of monitoring, supervision, and implementation of preventive measures, management, medical and social care for persons at risk of mental disorders and persons with mental disorders in their administrative divisions;
c) Mobilize, receive, allocate, and proactively provide funding for implementation of preventive measures, management, medical and social care in their administrative divisions.
NUTRITION IN DISEASE PREVENTION
Article 34. Implementation of nutrition in disease prevention
1. Nutrition in disease prevention shall be tailored for each age group and target group throughout the life cycle; ensuring reasonable nutrition appropriate for the physical condition, culture, and economic circumstances of Vietnamese people; focus on nutrition in the period from the fetal stage to 24 months of age (also referred to as “nutrition in the first 1000 days of life”).
2. Measures for assurance of nutrition in disease prevention include:
a) Screening, assessment, assessment of nutritional condition;
b) Reasonable nutrition counseling and guidance;
c) Reasonable nutrition information, education and communication;
d) Nutritional interventions by age group and target group appropriate for nutritional condition;
dd) Other measures for nutrition in disease prevention decided by the Minister of Health according to actual circumstances.
3. The Minister of Health shall provide professional guidelines for nutrition in disease prevention prescribed in Points a, b and c Clause 2 of this Article.
4. The Government of Vietnam shall elaborate Point d Clause 2 of this Article.
Article 35. Nutrition for pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and children
1. Nutrition for pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and children shall be implemented in accordance with Article 34 of this Law.
2. The State shall provide support for implementation of nutrition for pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and children in one of the following cases:
a) Poor households, near-poor households;
b) Ethnics living in border areas, islands, ethnic minority areas and mountainous areas, disadvantaged areas, and extremely disadvantaged areas;
c) People leaving in areas with incidents or disasters as prescribed by regulations of law on civil defense and state of emergency;
d) Other cases decided by local governments according to local socio-economic development.
3. The Government of Vietnam shall elaborate Clause 2 of this Article.
Article 36. Nutrition for the working age population
1. Nutrition for the working age population shall be implemented in accordance with Article 34 of this Law.
2. Measures for implementation of nutrition in disease prevention for the working age population prescribed in Points a, b and Clause 2 Article 34 of this Law shall be integrated with the process of medical examination and treatment.
3. Employers that organize workplace kitchens or provide workplace meals for employees must ensure food safety and reasonable nutrition of workplace meals.
4. The Minister of Health shall provide guidelines for implementation of Clause 2 and Clause 3 of this Article.
Article 37. Nutrition for the elderly
1. Measures for implementation of nutrition in disease prevention for the elderly shall be implemented in accordance with Article 34 of this Law.
2. Establishments providing care for the elderly shall be responsible for ensuring reasonable nutrition for the elderly.
PREREQUISITES FOR DISEASE PREVENTION
Article 38. Research, application of science and technology, innovation, and digital transformation in disease prevention
1. Unify, integrate, and interconnect data among information technology applications serving disease prevention, ensuring information safety and confidentiality.
2. Apply science, technology, digital transformation, big data, and artificial intelligence to prevention, early detection, monitoring, forecasting, and warning serving the prevention and control of infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, mental disorders, and health risk factors.
3. Mechanisms and policies for research, application of science and technology, innovation, and digital transformation in research, development, and production of vaccines and biological products shall be implemented in accordance with regulations of law on science, technology, innovation, and biomedical research on humans.
Article 39. Benefits for persons engaged in prevention and control of infectious diseases and participants in epidemic control
1. Persons engaged in prevention and control of infectious diseases shall be entitled to salaries, occupational allowances and other position-specific benefits as prescribed by law.
2. Participants in epidemic control shall be entitled to epidemic control allowances and occupational risk benefits in case of infection.
3. When persons who are not in the armed forces die or are injured while participating in epidemic control and their actions show exceptional courage, save lives, are worthy of commendation and have widespread social influence, they shall be considered for recognition as martyrs or war invalids in accordance with the law on preferential treatment for revolutionary contributors.
4. Benefits for persons engaged in prevention and control of infectious diseases and participants in epidemic control shall be provided in accordance with regulations of the Government of Vietnam.
Article 40. Development of the disease prevention workforce
1. The State has the following policies on scholarships:
a) Academic scholarships shall be granted to undergraduate students and postgraduate students in the fields of preventive medicine, public health, and nutrition whose academic performance meet scholarship requirements at State-owned health education institutions;
b) Policy scholarships shall be granted to persons working at commune-level health stations, preventive healthcare facilities in border areas, islands, ethnic minority and mountainous areas, disadvantaged areas, and extremely disadvantaged areas when pursuing postgraduate studies in preventive medicine, public health, and nutrition.
2. The State shall provide support for postgraduate students in preventive medicine as follows:
a) Full coverage of tuition fees and living expenses throughout the entire course for persons studying at State-owned health education institutions;
b) Subsidization of tuition fees and living expenses throughout the entire course at the rates prescribed in Point a of this Clause for persons studying at private health education institutions.
3. The State encourages organizations and individuals to grant scholarships or allowances to undergraduate and postgraduate students in the fields of preventive medicine, public health, and nutrition.
4. The State shall introduce policies to attract, recruit, provide preferential treatment, assign and effectively utilize the disease prevention workforce, especially in border areas, islands, ethnic minority areas and mountainous areas, disadvantaged areas, and extremely disadvantaged areas.
5. The Government of Vietnam shall elaborate this Article.
Article 41. Sources of funding for disease prevention
1. Sources of funding for disease prevention include:
a) State budget;
b) Disease prevention fund;
c) Payment of preventive healthcare service users;
d) The Health Insurance Fund as prescribed by law on health insurance according to the roadmap, priority groups, and the balancing capacity of the fund;
dd) Aid, donations, contributions from organizations and individuals in Vietnam and overseas as prescribed by law;
e) Other lawful financing sources as prescribed by law.
2. The Government of Vietnam shall elaborate Point a Clause 1 of this Article.
Article 42. National reserves for epidemic prevention and control
1. The State shall prepare national reserves of medicines, chemicals and medical devices serving epidemic prevention and control.
2. The establishment, organization, management, operation, and use of national reserves for epidemic prevention and control shall be carried out in accordance with regulations of law on national reserves.
Article 43. Disease Prevention Fund
1. The Disease Prevention Fund is a off-budget financial fund of the State, has juridical personality, its own seal, separate accounts, is affiliated to the Ministry of Health, and operates as a public service provider.
2. The purpose of the Disease Prevention Fund is to create a sustainable financial source for disease prevention activities.
3. Duties of the Disease Prevention Fund:
a) Prevention and control of tobacco harms;
b) Provision of free screening and periodic health checks;
c) Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases;
d) Prevention and control of mental disorders;
dd) Nutrition in disease prevention;
e) Research, application of science and technology, innovation, and digital transformation in disease prevention;
g) International cooperation in disease prevention;
h) Provision of certain disease prevention services.
4. The Disease Prevention Fund shall be formed from the following sources:
a) Charter capital provided by the State budget in accordance with the law;
b) Unused surplus funds from the Tobacco Harm Prevention and Control Fund by the end of June 30, 2026;
c) Mandatory contributions of 2% of the prices subject to excise tax from tobacco manufacturers and importers;
d) Voluntary, lawful contributions and donations from Vietnamese and foreign enterprises, organizations, and individuals; grant aid not classified as official development assistance (ODA) from foreign individuals and organizations;
dd) Other lawful revenue sources as prescribed by law.
5. Principles of operation of the Disease Prevention Fund:
a) Not for profit;
b) Not overlapping with activities covered by the State budget, the Health Insurance Fund, and the Civil Defense Fund;
c) Providing supplementary funding for disease prevention activities not yet covered by the State budget, the Health Insurance Fund, and the Civil Defense Fund;
d) Collection, expenditure, settlement, public disclosure of finances and assets, and accounting works in accordance with the law;
dd) Subject to inspection, supervision, and audit by the State Audit and independent auditors in accordance with the law;
e) Subject to supervision by Vietnamese Fatherland Front, member organizations and the community;
g) Ensuring transparency, thrift, efficiency, proper use for the intended purposes and tasks, and compliance with the law;
h) Surplus funds of the Disease Prevention Fund shall be carried forward to the subsequent year.
6. Every 03 years, the Government shall submit a report to the National Assembly on the performance, management and use of the Disease Prevention Fund.
7. The organization and operation of the Disease Prevention Fund shall comply with regulations of the Government of Vietnam.
Article 44. Amendments to disease prevention-related laws
1. Amendments to some Articles of the Law on Health insurance No. 25/2008/QH12, which is amended by Law No. 32/2013/QH13, Law No. 46/2014/QH13, Law No. 97/2015/QH13, Law No. 35/2018/QH14, Law No. 68/2020/QH14, Law No. 30/2023/QH15 and Law No. 51/2024/QH15:
a) Amendments to Point a Clause 1 of Article 21:
a) Medical examination and treatment, including telemedicine examination and treatment, telemedicine support, family medicine examination and treatment, home-based examination and treatment, rehabilitation, periodic antenatal check-ups, childbirth; certain preventive services, chronic disease management, periodic health checks, and screening as required by professional standards, according to appropriate roadmaps, priority groups, and the balancing capacity of the Health Insurance Fund;”;
b) Addition of Point d after Point c Clause 3 of Article 21:
“d) Priority groups and the roadmap for provision of certain preventive services, chronic disease management, periodic health checks, and screening within the capacity of the Health Insurance Fund.”;
c) Addition of Clause 5a after Clause 5 of Article 22:
“5a. Persons undergoing free screening or periodic health checks as prescribed by the Law on Disease Prevention shall be entitled to coverage of 100% of the costs for such periodic health checks or screening according to priority groups and implementation roadmaps within the capacity of the Fund.”;
d) Amendments to Clause 3 of Article 23:
“3. Health checks, except periodic health checks and screening.”;
dd) The phrase “island district” shall be replaced with “special zone” in Point o Clause 3 Article 12 and Point b Clause 4 Article 22;
e) Addition of Clause 3 after Clause 2 of Article 7a:
“3. The provisions of this Article shall be implemented in accordance with regulations of Government of Vietnam from July 01, 2026.”.
2. Articles 28, 29, and 30 of the Law on Prevention and Control of Tobacco Harms No. 09/2012/QH13, which is amended by Law No. 28/2018/QH14 and Law No. 16/2023/QH15, are abolished.
3. The phrase “epidemic declaration in accordance with regulations of law on prevention and control of infectious diseases” shall be replaced with the phrase “epidemic information in accordance with regulations of law on disease prevention” at Point a Clause 17 Article 6; Point e Clause 4 Article 42; Points a and b Clause 3, Point e Clause 6, Point c Clause 9 Article 56; Point b Clause 3, Clause 5b Article 60; and Clause 1a Article 87 of the Law on Pharmacy No. 105/2016/QH13, which is amended by Law No. 28/2018/QH14, Law No. 44/2024/QH15, and Law No. 112/2025/QH15.
1. This Law enters into force from July 01, 2026.
2. The Law on Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases No. 03/2007/QH12, which is amended by Law No. 15/2008/QH12 and Law No. 35/2018/QH14, ceases to be effective from the effective date of this Law.
Article 46. Transition clauses
Concluded contracts, approved plans funded by the Tobacco Harm Prevention and Control Fund before the effective date of this Law shall be covered by the Disease Prevention Fund from July 01, 2026 to the expiration dates of such contracts and plans.
This Law is ratified by the 15th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam during its 10th session on December 10, 2025.
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CHAIRPERSON OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY Tran Thanh Man |
